ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

network or reticulum of tiny tubular structures in the cytoplasm.
ER divides the intracellular space into two distinct compartments, i.e., luminal (inside ER) and extra luminal (cytoplasm) compartments.
The endoplasmic reticulum bearing ribosomes on their surface is called rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), whereas in the absence of ribosomes they appear smooth and are called smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
RER is involved in protein synthesis and secretion, whereas SER is the major site for synthesis of lipid

GOLGI APPARATUS

Structures consist of many flat, disc-shaped sacs or cisternae of 0.5μm to 1.0μm diameter, which are stacked parallel to each other.
Camillo Golgi (1898) first observed it.
The Golgi cisternae are concentrically arranged near the nucleus with distinct convex cis or the forming face and concave trans or the maturing face.
Materials to be packaged in the form of vesicles from the ER fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus and move towards the maturing face, where packaging of materials take place.
Glycoproteins and glycolipids are synthesized in Golgi apparatus

membrane bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the Golgi apparatus.
Lysosomes contain lipases, proteases, carbohydrases capable of digesting lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, respectively.

Lysosome- aka suicidal bags.

Function- digestion of foreign molecules, damaged or old orgenelles.

In many cells, as in protists, food vacuoles are formed by engulfing the food particles

double membrane-bound structure with the outer membrane and the inner membrane dividing its lumen distinctly into the outer compartment and the inner compartment.
The outer membrane -- continuous limiting boundary of the organelle
inner membrane forms a number of in foldings -- cristae towards the matrix.
Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration and produce cellular energy in the form of ATP, hence they are called ‘power houses’ of the cell.